Search results for "production [dark matter]"
showing 10 items of 216 documents
Les inégalités sociales à l'école : la théorie sociologique à l'épreuve des faits
1998
International audience; L'auteur esquisse une analyse de la manière dont les principales données factuelles concernant les inégalités sociales à l'école peuvent être éclairées par deux grandes perspectives théoriques : l'une met en avant l'héritage culturel familial plus ou moins adapté aux exigences de l'école, l'autre explique les choix en matière d'options et d'orientations comme les résultats de calculs rationnels effectués par des "acteurs stratèges".
Les choix d'orientation des élèves sont-ils les vecteurs des inégalités sociales ?
1999
International audience
Sustainability evaluation of Sicily's lemon and orange production: An energy, economic and environmental analysis
2013
The island of Sicily has a long standing tradition in citrus growing. We evaluated the sustainability of orange and lemon orchards, under organic and conventional farming, using an energy, environmental and economic analysis of the whole production cycle by using a life cycle assessment approach. These orchard systems differ only in terms of a few of the inputs used and the duration of the various agricultural operations. The quantity of energy consumption in the production cycle was calculated by multiplying the quantity of inputs used by the energy conversion factors drawn from the literature. The production costs were calculated considering all internal costs, including equipment, materi…
A model of goal dynamics in technology-based organizations
2011
The purpose of the present work is to build a suitable system dynamics model for goal dynamics in organizations, as proposed by Barlas and Yasarcan (2008). The proposed model does not bear any ambition of being exhaustive: the main objective of this paper is to propose a model of goal dynamics in which Goal Setting, Management by Objectives and Training are viewed as human resource practices able to enhance workers' goal commitment, and therefore, improve organizational performance. In the first part of this paper, an analysis of the Goal Setting Theory and the role of goal setting practices, in bettering worker's performance, are stressed. In the second part, a case-study, the causal loop …
The impact of Kaizen Events on improving the performance of automotive components' first-tier suppliers
2009
Purpose - The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of improving production indicators by implementing Kaizen Events. The teams are composed of both managers and operators with the aim of developing and/or implementing improvements in three to five days. Methodology - The empirical research will consists of the description of the results obtained in 11 industrial companies from the automotive components industry. In each company, we have followed up different interventions over a 9-12-month period. Findings - We shall present the initial situation, the activities carried out by the companies and the evolution of manufacturing performance approximately three months after the activi…
Negotiation in Distributed Production Planning Environments
2006
Mass customization and global competition push enterprises to adopt proper business models able to capture all the opportunities arising from emerging competition rules. An increasing number of industrial enterprises distribute their production capacity world wide to achieve lower production costs, lower distribution costs (due to the closer proximity to customers), and deeper knowledge of customer needs. As a drawback, coordination of the different production plants and the balance among plants and enterprise goals represent a critical issue in the network management. In this context the paper looks at the production planning problem, adopting a traditional hierarchical time-based perspect…
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of protected crops: an Italian case study
2012
Abstract In this paper a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of protected crops was carried out. In particular, energy and environmental performances of peppers, melons, tomatoes, cherry tomatoes, and zucchini in different typologies of greenhouses (tunnel and pavilion) were assessed. The study aimed at assessing the ecoprofile of each product and the share of each life-cycle step on the total environmental impacts. The related process flow chart, the relevant mass and energy flows and the key environmental issues were identified for each product. Collection of primary data was conducted by means of a detailed questionnaire distributed to a producer company in southern Italy. The analysis was devel…
Production planning in reconfigurable enterprises and reconfigurable production systems
2005
Reconfigurable enterprises and reconfigurable production systems represent nowadays one of the key responses towards the organisational and manufacturing needs arising in the new era known as mass customization. The paper proposes an Agent Based approach for the production planning activities in reconfigurable enterprises, characterized by complex, articulated and geographically distributed production capacities contended by many product families and composed by reconfigurable production systems that allow quick adjustment of production capacity and functionality consenting to manufacture different products of the same part family.
On the FSW of AA2024-T4 and AA7075-T6 T-joints: an industrial case study
2009
In this paper, the authors present the results of a wide experimental campaign on aeronautical T-shaped parts of industrial interest characterized by dissimilar materials for the skin and stringer. The friction stir welding process engineering was developed with the aim to determine the specific process parameters determining the soundness on the obtained T-parts both from the metallurgical and mechanical point of view. Furthermore, the performance of the obtained T-joints was investigated.
High Level Planning of Reconfigurable Enterprises: a Game Theoretic Approach
2006
Reconfigurable Enterprises (REs) represent production networks made of different and geographically dispersed plants that, in case of unpredictable market changes, can be reconfigured in order to gather a specific production objective. However, REs effectiveness and efficiency depend on the extent to which global performance is obtained. Basically two approaches are available to reach coordination: centralised or decentralised planning tools. In this paper, the authors propose a novel cooperative game theoretical approach for distributed production planning at high level of a RE; the proposed approach has been benchmarked in front of both a distributed one, based on negotiation, and a centr…